LEADER 00000cam a2200793 i 4500 
001    on1162236700 
003    OCoLC 
005    20200807175328.5 
006    m     o  d         
007    cr ||||||||||| 
008    091023s2010    nyuab   ob    001 0 eng   
010      2020688766 
019    730515029|a961551199|a962686060|a988412748|a992001667
       |a1037902919|a1038673004|a1045510717|a1055352346
       |a1058492239|a1065702613|a1081272526|a1114446643
       |a1153509140 
020    9781613241721|qebook 
020    1613241720 
020    |z9781608760879|qhardcover 
020    |z1608760871 
035    (OCoLC)1162236700|z(OCoLC)730515029|z(OCoLC)961551199
       |z(OCoLC)962686060|z(OCoLC)988412748|z(OCoLC)992001667
       |z(OCoLC)1037902919|z(OCoLC)1038673004|z(OCoLC)1045510717
       |z(OCoLC)1055352346|z(OCoLC)1058492239|z(OCoLC)1065702613
       |z(OCoLC)1081272526|z(OCoLC)1114446643|z(OCoLC)1153509140 
040    DLC|beng|erda|cDLC|dVLY|dOCLCO|dN$T|dYDXCP|dE7B|dNLGGC
       |dEBLCP|dAZK|dMERUC|dAGLDB|dMOR|dPIFAG|dZCU|dU3W|dOCLCF
       |dSTF|dWRM|dVTS|dNRAMU|dICG|dINT|dVT2|dAU@|dWYU|dDKC|dM8D
       |dUKCRE|dBOL 
043    n-us--- 
049    RIDW 
050 00 TD885.5.C66 
072  7 TEC|x010010|2bisacsh 
082 00 363.739/2|222 
090    TD885.5.C66|bA36 2010eb 
245 00 Air pollution and ship emissions /|cJacob Boutin, editor. 
264  1 New York :|bNova Science Publishers,|cc2010. 
300    1 online resource. 
336    text|btxt|2rdacontent 
337    computer|bc|2rdamedia 
338    online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier 
340    |gpolychrome.|2rdacc 
347    text file|2rdaft 
490 1  Air, water and soil pollution science and technology 
504    Includes bibliographical references and index. 
505 0  Intro -- AIR POLLUTION AND SHIP EMISSIONS -- AIR POLLUTION
       AND SHIP EMISSIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 AIR
       POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS -- 
       SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- MARPOL ANNEX VI -- Provisions 
       of Annex VI -- Implementing Legislation (P.L. 110-280) -- 
       Amendments to Annex VI -- EPA Regulations -- OTHER 
       LEGISLATION -- FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL MEASURES -- EPA 
       Regulations -- Category 3 Engines -- Category 1 and 2 
       Engines -- California Emission Reduction Measures -- Low 
       Sulfur Fuels -- Emission Controls -- Alternative Power -- 
       Grants -- GREENHOUSE GASES -- International Efforts to 
       Address GHGs -- Shipping vs. Other Transport Modes -- 
       Measures to Reduce Ships' GHG Emissions -- CONCLUSION -- 
       End Notes -- Chapter 2 EMISSION CONTROL AREA PROPOSAL FOR 
       SHIPS FACT SHEET -- REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENT: PROPOSAL OF 
       EMISSION CONTROL AREA DESIGNATION FOR GEOGRAPHIC CONTROL 
       OF EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS -- EPA-420-F-09-015, March 2009 --
       Overview -- The Need to Reduce Emissions from Engines on 
       Ships -- Emission Control Area Standards -- Costs -- 
       Benefits -- Next Steps -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 EPA NEEDS
       TO IMPROVE ITS EFFORTS TO REDUCE AIR EMISSIONS AT U.S. 
       PORTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- WHY WE DID THIS REVIEW -- 
       BACKGROUND -- WHAT WE FOUND -- WHAT WE RECOMMEND -- ACTION
       REQUIRED -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- Purpose -- Background -- 
       Sources of Emissions -- Impacts of Air Pollution from Port
       Activities -- Projected Port Growth and Impacts -- EPA's 
       Multipronged Approach to Reducing Emissions at U.S. Ports 
       -- EPA Regulatory Authority -- Key EPA Voluntary 
       Strategies -- Clean Ports USA Program, SmartWay Transport 
       Partnership, and Regional Diesel Collaboratives -- EPA's 
       Work with the International Maritime Organization -- 
       Noteworthy Achievements -- Scope and Methodology. 
505 8  2. RECENT AGENCY AND INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS HAVE POTENTIAL 
       TO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE HARMFUL EMISSIONS FROM OCEANGOING 
       VESSEL ENGINES -- Air Emissions from Large Oceangoing 
       Vessel Engines Have Been Essentially Unregulated by EPA --
       NOx -- PM and SOx -- CO, HC, and Air Toxics -- EPA Has 
       Chosen to Defer Taking a Position on Whether It Has 
       Authority to Regulate Foreign-Flagged Vessel Engine 
       Emissions -- EPA Stated a Need to Regulate Foreign-Flagged
       Vessel Engine Emissions in 2002 -- Agency Efforts Have 
       Only Recently Resulted in an International Agreement Which
       Could Achieve Substantial Emission Reductions -- Proposed 
       Revisions to MARPOL Annex VI Adopted -- Comparing the IMO 
       Agreement and the U.S. Proposal -- Importance of IMO 
       Emission Control Areas -- Next Steps in the IMO Process --
       EPA's Delay in Controlling Oceangoing Vessel Engine 
       Emissions May Have Long-Term Effects -- Conclusions -- 
       Recommendations -- Agency Comments and OIG Evaluation -- 
       3. IMPLEMENTING EPA'S APPROACH TO REDUCING AIR EMISSIONS 
       AT U.S. PORTS NEEDS IMPROVING -- EPA's Approach Is 
       Incomplete -- Limited Data to Verify Results of Voluntary 
       Actions -- Voluntary Initiatives Have Not Been Implemented
       at Many U.S. Ports -- Opportunities Exist to Improve 
       Participation in Regional Diesel Collaboratives -- EPA 
       Verified Technologies Are Major Component of Voluntary 
       Emission Reduction Efforts, But Funding is Limited -- 
       Limited Resources for Implementing EPA's Efforts to Reduce
       Port Emissions -- EPA's New Strategy for Sustainable Ports
       Lacks a Transformation Plan -- Conclusions -- 
       Recommendation -- Agency Comments and OIG Evaluation -- 
       STATUS OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND POTENTIAL MONETARY BENEFITS 
       -- APPENDIX A. PROJECTED GROWTH OF U.S. PORTS DUE TO 
       CONTAINER SHIPPING -- APPENDIX B. KEY EPA REGULATIONS FOR 
       FIVE MAJOR SOURCES OF PORT EMISSIONS -- Oceangoing Vessels
       -- Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks. 
505 8  Cargo-Handling Equipment -- Harbor Craft and Locomotives -
       - APPENDIX C. DETAILS ON SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY -- Review 
       of Management (Internal) Controls -- Prior Reports -- 
       Prior GAO Reports -- APPENDIX D. DETAILS ON EPA'S 
       RATIONALE FOR NOT TAKING A POSITION ON WHETHER IT HAS 
       AUTHORITY TO REGULATE FOREIGN-FLAGGED VESSELS -- APPENDIX 
       E. TIMELINE OF SELECTED EPA REGULATORY ACTIONS SINCE 1990 
       TO ADDRESS AIR EMISSIONS FROM PORT SOURCES -- APPENDIX F. 
       SUMMARY OF REVISED MARPOL ANNEX VI STANDARDS ADOPTED BY 
       THE IMO IN OCTOBER 2008 -- APPENDIX G. STATUS OF 
       PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL DIESEL COLLABORATIVES FOR PORTS 
       IN NONATTAINMENT AREAS -- APPENDIX H. DETAILS OF EPA'S 
       STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE PORTS -- APPENDIX I. AGENCY 
       RESPONSE TO DRAFT REPORT -- Recommendations-Chapter 2 -- 
       Recommendation-Chapter 3 -- General Comments and/or 
       Clarifications -- APPENDIX J. OIG EVALUATION OF AGENCY 
       RESPONSE -- APPENDIX K. DISTRIBUTION -- End Notes -- 
       Chapter 4 FAQ ON EMISSION CONTROL AREA -- WHAT ARE THE 
       INTERNATIONAL MARINE STANDARDS AND WHY IS APPLICATION FOR 
       AREA DESIGNATION NECESSARY? -- WHO CAN APPLY FOR ECA 
       DESIGNATION? -- WHAT ARE THE REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF AN ECA
       APPLICATION? -- WHAT IS THE EXPECTED TIMELINE FOR THE U.S.
       ECA APPLICATION TO THE IMO? WHEN AN APPLICATION IS 
       SUBMITTED, WHAT ARE THE STEPS AND TIME-LINE FOR APPROVAL 
       AND FOR IMPLEMENTATION? -- HOW WOULD VESSEL OPERATORS BE 
       AFFECTED? -- ARE THERE ANY ECAS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT? -- IS
       THE U.S. INTENDING TO SUBMIT A JOINT APPLICATION WITH 
       CANADA AND/OR MEXICO? -- HOW FAR OFF THE U.S. COASTLINE 
       WILL THE ECA EXTEND? HOW WILL PRACTICALITIES LIKE THE 
       SOVEREIGN WATERS OF ADJACENT NATIONS BE HANDLED IN THE 
       APPLICATION? -- WILL THE COASTS OF ALASKA AND HAWAII (AND 
       OTHER U.S. TERRITORIES) BE INCLUDED IN THE APPLICATION? IF
       NOT, CAN THEY BE INCLUDED IN THE FUTURE? 
505 8  WILL DESIGNATION OF A U.S. ECA ENCOURAGE SHIPPING LINES TO
       DIVERT "DISCRETIONARY" SHIPMENTS AWAY FROM U.S. PORTS (IN 
       FAVOR OF NEARBY PORTS NOT WITHIN THE DESIGNATED ECA)? -- 
       WILL THE LOW-SULFUR FUEL THAT MEETS THE ECA REQUIREMENTS 
       BE AVAILABLE WHEN THE U.S. ECA GOES INTO FORCE? WHAT WILL 
       HAPPEN IF THE FUEL IS NOT AVAILABLE IN TIME? -- WHAT ARE 
       THE PROJECTED HEALTH BENEFITS FROM A U.S. ECA DESIGNATION?
       PROJECTED ECONOMIC BENEFITS? HOW DO THESE OUTWEIGH THE 
       DIFFERENTIAL FUEL COSTS? -- HOW WOULD A U.S. ECA BE 
       IMPLEMENTED AND ENFORCED UNDER U.S. LAW? -- HOW DOES AN 
       ECA FIT INTO EPA'S CLEAN AIR ACT PROGRAM? -- End Notes -- 
       Chapter 5 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION ADOPTS 
       PROGRAM TO CONTROL AIR EMISSIONS FROM OCEANGOING VESSELS -
       - WHAT DID THE IMO DO? -- WHAT SHIPS ARE AFFECTED? -- HOW 
       DO OCEANGOING VESSELS HARM U.S. AIR QUALITY? -- WHAT WILL 
       THIS PROGRAM MEAN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT? -- WHY IS THE IMO 
       PROCESS IMPORTANT? -- WHAT ARE THE NEW STANDARDS? -- HOW 
       DOES THIS RELATE TO EPA'S RECENT ADVANCE NOTICE ON 
       REDUCING POLLUTION FROM OCEANGOING VESSELS? -- Chapter 6 
       PROPOSAL TO DESIGNATE ON EMISSION CONTROL AREA FOR 
       NITROGEN OXIDES, SULPHUR OXIDES AND PARTICULATE MATTER -- 
       SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SUMMARY OF PROPOSAL -- 
       Populations and Areas at Risk -- Contributions from Ships 
       to Adverse Impacts -- Description of Area -- Ship Traffic 
       and Meteorological Conditions -- Land-Based Emissions 
       Controls -- Estimated Costs -- CONCLUSION -- ACTION 
       REQUESTED -- ANNEX 1. INFORMATION RESPONDING TO THE 
       CRITERIA IN APPENDIX III TO ANNEX VI -- 1. Introduction --
       1.1. Countries Submitting this ECA Proposal -- 1.2. 
       Criteria for Designation of an Emission Control Area -- 2.
       Description of Area Proposed for ECA Designation -- 2.1. 
       Proposed Area of Application -- 2.2. Types of Emissions 
       Proposed for Control -- 2.2.1. SOX and PM -- 2.2.2. NOX. 
505 8  2.2.3. Other Forms of Pollutants -- 2.3. Populations and 
       Areas at Risk from Exposure to Ship Emissions -- 2.4. 
       Conclusion -- 3. CONTRIBUTION OF SHIPS TO AIR POLLUTION 
       AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS -- 3.1. Synopsis of the 
       Assessment -- 3.2. U.S. and Canadian Emissions Inventory 
       Summary -- 3.2.1. Emissions Inventory Modelling and Inputs
       for 2020 Current Performance Scenario -- 3.2.2. Emissions 
       Inventory Development for 2020 ECA Performance Scenario --
       3.3. Ships' Contribution to Ambient Air Quality -- 3.3.1. 
       Overview of Air Quality Modelling -- 3.3.2. Ships' 
       Contribution to Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone Air Pollution in 
       the U.S. -- 3.3.2.1. PM2.5 Contribution -- 3.3.2.2. Ozone 
       Contribution -- 3.3.3. Ships' Contribution to Ambient Air 
       Pollution in Canada -- 3.3.4. Improvement of Ambient Air 
       Quality in the U.S. with the ECA -- 3.3.5. Improvement of 
       Ambient Air Quality in Canada with the ECA -- 3.3.6. 
       Conclusions -- 4. Impact of Emissions from Ships on Human 
       Health -- 4.1. Health Effects Related to Exposure to Air 
       Pollutants -- 4.1.1. Nature of PM Health Effects -- 4.1.2.
       Nature of Ozone Health Effects -- 4.2. Quantified Human 
       Health Impacts from Exposure to Ship Emissions -- 4.2.1. 
       U.S. Human Health Impacts -- 4.2.2. Canadian Human Health 
       Impacts -- 4.3. Conclusion -- 5. Impact of Emissions from 
       Ships on Ecosystems -- 5.1. Overview of Deposition 
       Resulting from Ship NOX, SOX and PM Emissions -- 5.1.1. 
       Environmental and Ecosystem Impacts and Areas at Risk -- 
       5.1.2. U.S. Modelling Results for Sulphur and Nitrogen 
       Deposition -- 5.1.3. Canadian Modelling Results for 
       Sulphur and Nitrogen Deposition -- 5.1.4. Exceedances of 
       Ecosystem Critical Deposition Loads in Canada Resulting 
       from Ship Emissions -- 5.2. Impacts Associated with 
       Deposition of PM2.5 and Air Toxics -- 5.3. U.S. Visibility
       Impacts -- 5.4. Ozone Impacts on Forest Health -- 5.5. 
       Conclusion. 
546    English. 
588    Description based on print version record. 
590    eBooks on EBSCOhost|bEBSCO eBook Subscription Academic 
       Collection - North America 
650  0 Merchant marine|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/
       sh85083757|xEnvironmental aspects|0https://id.loc.gov/
       authorities/subjects/sh99005383|xGovernment policy|0https:
       //id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh99005269|zUnited 
       States.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n78095330-
       781 
650  0 Combustion gases|xEnvironmental aspects.|0https://
       id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009120722 
650  0 Ships|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85121591
       |xEnvironmental aspects.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/
       subjects/sh99005383 
650  0 Air quality management|xGovernment policy|zUnited States.
       |0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009114578 
650  0 Air|xPollution.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/
       sh85002574 
650  7 Merchant marine|xEnvironmental aspects.|2fast|0https://
       id.worldcat.org/fast/1016947 
650  7 Government policy.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
       1353198 
650  7 Merchant marine.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
       1016936 
650  7 Combustion gases|xEnvironmental aspects.|2fast|0https://
       id.worldcat.org/fast/869060 
650  7 Ships|xEnvironmental aspects.|2fast|0https://
       id.worldcat.org/fast/1116478 
650  7 Ships.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1116439 
650  7 Air quality management|xGovernment policy.|2fast|0https://
       id.worldcat.org/fast/802553 
650  7 Air|xPollution.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/802083
651  7 United States.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204155
655  4 Electronic books. 
700 1  Boutin, Jacob.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/
       n2009068074 
776 08 |iPrint version:|tAir pollution and ship emissions|dNew 
       York : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.|z9781608760879 
       (hardcover)|w(DLC)  2009041012 
830  0 Air, water and soil pollution science and technology 
       series.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2009098591
856 40 |uhttps://rider.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://
       search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&
       db=nlebk&AN=369395|zOnline ebook via EBSCO. Access 
       restricted to current Rider University students, faculty, 
       and staff. 
856 42 |3Instructions for reading/downloading the EBSCO version 
       of this ebook|uhttp://guides.rider.edu/ebooks/ebsco 
901    MARCIVE 20231220 
948    |d20200810|cEBSCO|tEBSCOebooksacademic MERGES 887|lridw 
948    |d20160616|cEBSCO|tebscoebooksacademic|lridw 
994    92|bRID