| Description |
xix, 636 pages ; 24 cm |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references. |
| Contents |
Part I. The Foundations of Our Morality -- Chapter I. The Moral Ideals of Classical Antiquity -- 1. Ethical Beginnings and Perplexities -- 2. Socrates, Pioneer in Moral Philosophy -- 3. Plato's Aristocracy of Rational Harmony -- 4. Aristotle's ethics of the Balanced Life -- 5. Epicurean Contentment -- 6. Stoic Self-Mastery and Serenity -- 7. Neoplatonic Mystical Ecstasy -- Chapter II. The Christian Ethics of Salvation -- 1. Old Testment Righteousness -- II. the Moral Gospel of Jesus -- III. The Spiritual Outlook of the Apostles -- 4. The Church Militant Against a World of Sin -- 5. Monastic Renunciation and Priestly Discipline -- Chapter III. Medieval Culture and the Scholastic Method -- 1. The Beginnings of Scholastic Ethics -- 2. The Christian Aristotelianism of St. Thomas Aquinas -- 3. Dante's Divine Comedy -- 4. Mysticism and Moral Activity -- 5. The Undermining of Scholasticism -- Chapter IV. The Renaissance: Revolt Against Authority -- 1. The Secularism of the Renaissance -- 2. The Discrediting of Professed Saintliness -- 3. Levity, Sensuality, Violence -- 4. Rampant Self-Assertion: the Martix of New Ideals -- 5. Morals Gay, Conrtly, and Sardonic -- 6. The Higher Ideals of Genius: Michelangelo and Leonardo -- 7. The Renaissance in the North: Rabelais and Erasmus -- Chapter V. The Reformation: Protest of the Aroused Conscience --1. Forerunners of the Reformation -- 2. The Moral Reform of Martin Luther -- 3. Calvinism as a Religious and Moral Discipline -- 4. The Condemnation of the Established Social Order as Unchristian -- 5. Renaissance and Reformation: A Retrospect and a Glance Ahead -- Part II. Modern Ethics: To the Time of the French Revolution -- Chapter VI. The Beginnings of Modern Ethics -- 1. Modern Life in Its Historical Setting -- 2. The Search for a Moral Standard -- 3. Expansion of the the Moral Universe: Giordano Bruno -- 4. Scepticism Serene and Tragic: Montaigne and Pascal -- 5. The Varieties of Moral Experience: Francis Bacon -- Chapter VII. Moral Principles and Social Order -- 1. Statecraft without Scruples -- 2. The Natural Foundations of Social-Political Order -- 3. Utopian Visions of the Perfect Society -- Chapter VIII. Hobbes' Leviathan -- 1. The Mechanics of Human Character -- 2. The Natural State of Man and the Social Contract -- 3. Autocracy and the Principles of Social Order -- 4. The Ethical Implications of Materialism -- Chapter IX. The English Reaffirmation of Principle and Law -- 1. Casuistry and Ratinalism -- 2. Cudworth's Eternal and Immutable Morality -- 3. Genial Rationalism -- 4. Cumberland's Laws of Nature -- Chapter X. The Ethics of French Rationalism -- 1. The Cartesian Method in Morals -- 2. Rational Inwardness and Humility -- 3. Malebranche's Search After Truth -- Chapter XI. The Ethics of Spinoza -- 1. Knowledge as Enlightenment -- 2. Monistic Determinism -- 3. Doctrine of the Passions -- 4. The Intellectual Love of God -- 5. Spinoza's Character -- 6. Naturalism and Moral Values -- Chapter XII. Scepticism and Optimism: Compromising Orthodoxy -- 1. Rationalism Humbled by Doubt: Pierre Bayle -- 2. The Symphony of Nature: Leibniz's Monadology -- 3. The Best of All Possible Worlds: Theodicy and Ethics -- Chapter XIII. The Proverbs of Misanthropy -- 1. La Rochefoucauld's Maxims -- 2. Epicurean Prudence: Pierre Gassendi -- 3. A Voluptuary's Sagacity: Saint-Evremond -- 4. The Characters of La Bruyere -- 5. A jesuit's Art of Worldly Wisdom: Balthazar Gracian -- 6. Mandeville's Grumbling Hive: The Fable of the Bees -- |
|
Chapter XIV. Eternal Principles and Divine Providence -- 1. Locke's Confused Position in Ethics -- 2. Clarke's Theological Rationalsim -- 3. God's Will: the Necessary Support Though Not the Basis of Virtue -- Chapter XV. Conscience and Moral Law -- 1. Man's COnstitution and the Authority of Conscience: Bishop Butler -- 2. Wollaston's Alliance of Truth, Reason, and Happiness -- 3. Price's Reliance on Moral Law and Duty -- 4. Reid's Common Sense Principles in Morals -- Chapter XVII. The Early British Utilitarians -- 1. George Berkeley -- 2. Gay's Dissertation -- 3. Hartley's Observations on Man -- 4. Tucker's Light of Nature -- 5. Paley's Moral and Political Philosophy -- Chapter XVIII. The Ethics of Sympathy -- 1. Hume's Radical Empiricism. The Genesis of SocialMindedness -- 2. Justice and Benevolence -- 3. Hume's Relation to Utilitarianism -- 4. Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments -- 5. Smith's Account of the Cardinal Virtues -- 6. The Doctrine of Laissez Faire -- Chapter XIX. The French Enlightenment -- 1. Voltaire -- 2. Vauvenargues' Compassionate Stoicism -- 3. Spreading Philosophical Radicalism -- 4. Diderot -- 5. Egoistic Hedonism and Social Order -- Chapter XX. On the Eve of the French Revolution: Materialistic and Romantic Morals -- 1. La Mettrie's Doctrine of Sensuality -- 2. Chamfort's Bitter Jesting -- 3. Holbach's System of Nature -- 4. Rousseau and the Romantic Flood of Feeling -- Part III. The Nineteenth Century and Ours -- Chapter XXi. Kan's Reconstruction of the Moral Problem: The Ethics of Duty -- 1. Formative Factors in Kant's Philosophy -- 2. The Critique of Pure Reason -- 3. The Early Development of Kant's Moral Philosophy -- 4. The Ethics of the Categorical Imperative -- 5. Rational Formalism and Respect for Rational Character -- 6. Kant's Postulates of Morality: Freedom -- 7. Immortality and God as Ethical Postulates -- 8. Strength and Weakness of Kant's Ethics -- Chapter XXII. From Lessing to Goethe -- 1. Lessing's Gospel of Tolerance and Spiritual Endeavor -- 2. Herder's Philosophy of History -- 3. Romantic-Sentimental Reactions -- 4. Ethics and Aesthetics in Schiller -- 5. Goethe and Philosophy -- CHapter XXIII. THe Idealistic Quest of Spiritual Unity -- 1. Fichte's Exaltation of the Moral Will -- 2. Schelling's Search of Spirit in Nature -- 3. Religious Finality and Moral Order: Schlelermacher -- Chapter XXIV. Social Realization of Personality: Hegel's Philosophy of Right -- 1. From Kant to Hegel -- 2. The Hegelian Dialectic -- 3. The Objective Mind: the Realm of Morals -- 4. Abstract Right -- 5. Morality -- 6. The ethical System of Society -- Chapter XXV. The Moral Gospel of Pessimism -- 1. Irrationalism and Pessimism: Schopenhauer's Metaphysics of the Will-to-Live -- 2. Schopenhauer's Criticism of the Kantian Ehtics -- 3. The Ethics of Compassion -- 4. Hartmann's Philosophy of the Unconscious -- 5. The Tragic Significance of Moral Activity -- Chapter XXVI. The Realistic Reaction in German Thought -- 1. Herbart's Formalism -- 2. Beneke's Emphasis on Psychological Methods -- 3. German Positivism: Feuerbach -- 4. Materialistic Construction: the Physiology of Morals -- 5. Naturalism and Idealism in Lotze's Philosophy -- |
|
Chapter XXVII. Revision of Ideals After the French Revolution -- 1. The Ideologists -- 2. The Traditionalists -- 3. Revelation and Radicalism -- 4. The Eclectic School -- Chapter XXVIII. The Growth of British Liberalism -- 1. Conservative Reaction and Romantic Protest -- 2. Scottish Common Sense Instuitionism -- 3. Platonic and Modern Idealism: Coleridge -- 4. The Contest of Authority and Critical Methods -- 5. Radical Thought and Social Reconstruction -- Chapter XXIX. The Moral Outlook of New England and the Spreading American Scene -- 1. Ingredients and Fusion -- 2. The Puritan Kingdom of God in New England -- 3. Moral Philosophy in the Colonial Period -- 4. Radicalism and Revolution -- 5. The Spreading American Scene: Emerson -- 6. The Spreading American Scene: Walt Whitman -- Chapter XXX. French Positivism in Morals -- 1. The Precursors of French Positivism and Socialism -- 2. Comte's Positive Philosophy -- 3. The Social Nature of Man and the Ethics of Altruism -- 4. The Religion of Humanity -- 5. Proudhon -- 6. the Spread of Comte's Influence -- Chapter XXXI. Utilitarianism and Social Reform -- 1. Bentham's Quantitative Hedonism -- 2. Qualitative Standards and Genuine Altruism in John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism -- 3. Later Criticism: Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics -- Chapter XXXII. Ethics and the Theoryof Evolution -- 1. Darwin and the Evolution of Morals -- 2. Evolutionistic Utilitarianism -- 3. Speculative Ventures and Agnostic Reserve -- 4. The Ethics of Social Solidarity -- 5. Nietzsche's Morals of the Will-to-Power -- Chapter XXXIII. Social and Religious Criticism in Its Moral Bearings -- 1. English Reaffirmation of Spiritual COnviction -- 2. Positivistic and Sociological Ethics in France -- 3. Religious Unrest and Moral Reconstruction -- 4. Russian Philosophy of Life: Dostoyevsky, Solovyof, and Tolstoy -- 5. The Moral Issues of Radical Individualism -- Chapter XXXIV. The Ethics of Socialism -- 1. The Beginning of Socialistic Doctrine -- 2. Some Critical Reactions -- 3. Marx's Scientific Socialism -- 4. Revisionism, Syndicalism, Bolshevism -- 5. Moral Values and Socialistic Materialism -- Chapter XXXV. Revival of Idealism, the Ethics of Self-Realization -- 1. Post-Kantian Idealism and British Philosophy -- 2. Green's Prolegomena to Ethics -- 3. The Scope and the Bounds of Morality: Bradley -- 4. Bosanquet's Account of Marality and Religion -- 5. American Idealism, Royce's Philosophy of Loyalty -- 6. French Idealism and Spiritualism -- 7. Italian Idealistic ethics -- 8. Idealistic Trends in German Thought -- 9. Moral Values and the Philosophy of History -- Chapter XXXVI. Ethical Issues in Contemporary Thought -- 1. Sociological Methods in Morals -- 2. Moral Education and Religious Modernism -- 3. Bergson's Two Sources of Morality and Religion -- 4. The Ethics of Pragmatism -- 5. Transitional Thinking -- 6. The Problem of Objective Moral Standards -- 7. Morals and the General Theory of Value -- 8. German Value-Realism -- 9. Analysis and the New British Intuitionism -- 10. Crossroads |
| Subject |
Ethics -- History.
|
|
Ethics. |
|
History. |
|
