Introduction. Theology and history in the study of early Christianity ; Religion and social world -- The end of time and the rise of community. Earliest Christianity as a millenarian movement ; Christian missions and the theory of cognitive dissonance ; The attainment of millennial bliss through myth : the book of Revelation -- The quest for legitimacy and consolidation. The question of legitimacy ; Orthodoxy and heresy -- Religion and society in the early Roman empire. The Roman social order ; Earliest Christianity and the Roman social order -- The success of Christianity. The problem of perspective ; External factors ; Internal factors ; Christianity and its competitors.