[1.] Colonial roots of independence: Preconditions and precipitants of the independence movement in Portuguese America / A.J.R. Russell-Wood -- [2.] Political aspects: Political emancipation of Brazil / EmÃlia Viotti da Costa -- Establishment of the royal court in Brazil / Maria Odila Silva Dias -- United States and Brazilian independence / Stanley E. Hilton -- [3.] Social aspects: Elite politics and the growth of a peasantry in late colonial Brazil / Stuart B. Schwartz -- Brazil's urban development: colony and empire / Richard M. Morse -- [4.] Cultural aspects: Modernization of Portugal and the independence of Brazil / Manoel da Silveira Cardozo -- Intellectuals as agents of change and the independence of Brazil, 1724-1822 / E. Bradford Burns.
