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019 948631642
020 9780833095299|q(electronic book)
020 0833095293|q(electronic book)
035 (OCoLC)946575757|z(OCoLC)948631642
037 22573/ctt1btbgs4|bJSTOR
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050 4 HD9710.A2|bK35 2016eb online
082 04 338.4/76292|223
090 HD9710.A2|bK35 2016eb online
100 1 Kalra, Nidhi,|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/
no2011154531|eauthor.
245 10 Driving to safety :|bhow many miles of driving would it
take to demonstrate autonomous vehicle reliability? /
|cNidhi Kalra, Susan M. Paddock.
246 3 How many miles of driving would it take to demonstrate
autonomous vehicle reliability?
264 1 Santa Monica, Calif. :|bRAND,|c[2016]
264 4 |c©2016
300 1 online resource (13 pages) :|bcolor charts.
336 text|btxt|2rdacontent
337 computer|bc|2rdamedia
338 online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier
347 text file|2rdaft
490 1 Research report ;|vRR-1478-RC
500 "April 12, 2016"--Table of contents page.
504 Includes bibliographical references (pages 12-13).
505 00 |tKey findings --|tHow many miles would autonomous
vehicles have to be driven without failure to demonstrate
that their failure rate is below some benchmark? --|tHow
many miles would autonomous vehicles have to be driven to
demonstrate their failure rate to a particular degree of
precision? --|tHow many miles would autonomous vehicles
have to be driven to demonstrate that their failure rate
is statistically significantly lower than the human driver
failure rate? --|tDiscussion and conclusions.
505 00 |tKey Findings --|tHow Many Miles Would Autonomous
Vehicles Have To Be Driven Without Failure To Demonstrate
That Their Failure Rate Is Below Some Benchmark? --|tHow
Many Miles Would Autonomous Vehicles Have To Be Driven To
Demonstrate Their Failure R Ate To A Particular Degree Of
Precision? --|tHow Many Miles Would Autonomous Vehicles
Have To Be Driven To Demonstrate That Their Failure Rate
Is Statistically Significantly Lower Than The Human Driver
Failure Rate? --|tDiscussion And Conclusions --
|tReferences--|tAbout the Authors.
520 "How safe are autonomous vehicles? The answer is crucial
for developing sound policies to govern their deployment.
One proposal to assess safety is to test-drive autonomous
vehicles in real traffic, observe their performance, and
make statistical comparisons to human driver performance.
This approach is logical, but it is practical? In this
report, we calculate the number of miles that would need
to be driven to provide clear statistical evidence of
autonomous vehicle safety. Given that current traffic
fatalities and injuries are rare events compared with
vehicle miles traveled, we show that fully autonomous
vehicles would have to be driven hundreds of millions of
miles and sometimes hundreds of billions of miles to
demonstrate their safety in terms of fatalities and
injuries. Under even aggressive testing assumptions,
existing fleets would take tens and sometimes hundreds of
years to drive these miles--an impossible proposition if
the aim is to demonstrate performance prior to releasing
them for consumer use. Our findings demonstrate that
developers of this technology and third-party testers
cannot simply drive their way to safety. Instead, they
will need to develop innovative methods of demonstrating
safety and reliability. And yet, it may still not be
possible to establish with certainty the safety of
autonomous vehicles. Therefore, it is imperative that
autonomous vehicle regulations are adaptive--designed from
the outset to evolve with the technology so that society
can better harness the benefits and manage the risks of
these rapidly evolving and potentially transformative
technologies"--Publisher's description.
588 0 Online resource; title from PDF title page (RAND, viewed
April 12, 2016).
590 JSTOR|bBooks at JSTOR Open Access
650 0 Automated vehicles|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/
subjects/sh2014001434|zUnited States|0https://id.loc.gov/
authorities/names/n78095330-781|xDecision making.|0https:/
/id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh99005493
650 0 Motor vehicles|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/
sh85087597|zUnited States|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/
names/n78095330-781|xAutomatic control.|0https://
id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00007651
650 0 Automobile industry and trade|0https://id.loc.gov/
authorities/subjects/sh85010151|xTechnological innovations
|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2001009095
|zUnited States.|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/
n78095330-781
650 0 Traffic safety|zUnited States.|0https://id.loc.gov/
authorities/subjects/sh2010116807
650 0 Intelligent control systems.|0https://id.loc.gov/
authorities/subjects/sh88003681
650 7 Automated vehicles.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
1909261
650 7 Decision making.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
889035
650 7 Motor vehicles.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
1027717
650 7 Automatic control.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
822702
650 7 Automobile industry and trade|xTechnological innovations.
|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/823037
650 7 Automobile industry and trade.|2fast|0https://
id.worldcat.org/fast/822961
650 7 Traffic safety.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/
1154212
650 7 Intelligent control systems.|2fast|0https://
id.worldcat.org/fast/975911
650 7 Motor vehicles|xAutomatic control.|2fast|0https://
id.worldcat.org/fast/1027725
651 7 United States.|2fast|0https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204155
655 0 Electronic books.
655 4 Electronic books.
700 1 Paddock, Susan M.,|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/
n2006184747|eauthor.
710 2 Rand Corporation,|0https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/
n78083407|eissuing body,|epublisher.
830 0 Research report (Rand Corporation) ;|0https://id.loc.gov/
authorities/names/no2013072664|vRR-1478-RC.
856 40 |uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1btc0xw
|zOnline ebook. Open Access via JSTOR.
901 MARCIVE 20231220
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