| Description |
1 online resource (1 PDF file (xii, 242 pages)) : illustrations |
| Physical Medium |
monochrome |
| Description |
text file |
| Note |
Title from PDF title page. |
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"Third printing." |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| Summary |
Advances in our understanding of the value of carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions have come from information derived from two major fields of study -- exercise physiology and sports nutrition--and from research on diarrheal diseases. Research in the first area has been concerned with physical performance, primarily of athletes. Research results have demonstrated that even small fluid deficits have adverse effects on performance through elevated heart rates, reduced sweat rates, and elevated body temperature. Glucose-electrolyte solutions have been found useful in rehydration and in preventing dehydration. Carbohydrate is needed to facilitate sodium and water absorption. Other ions may or may not be needed, depending on sweat losses or losses from the gastrointestinal tract. Advances in exercise physiology also have demonstrated the value of carbohydrate solutions in providing energy for muscular activity in endurance events that last at least 60 minutes and involve vigorous exercise. Military personnel are often called upon to perform heavy physical activity during training or combat conditions in very hot environments--either dry climates, as in Middle-Eastern deserts, or under humid tropical conditions. The resultant high sweat rates can lead to dehydration. In some cases, the subjects may be acclimated to heat, but in others (for example, in basic training, or in emergency troop deployment to the tropics) they may not, and may thus be vulnerable to extensive electrolyte losses. This problem could be accentuated when personnel have been given garrison or field rations with reduced sodium to meet prudent dietary goals established for the general population in 1989 by the Diet and Health Committee of the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences. |
| Funding |
This report was produced under grants DAMD17-86-G-6036/R and DAMD17-92-J-2003 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8, chapter 9, chapter 10, chapter 11, chapter 12, chapter 13, chapter 14, chapter 15 through chapter 16 that are authored by U.S. Army personnel are those of the authors and should not be construed as official Department of the Army positions, policies, or decisions, unless so designated by other official documentation. Human subjects who participated in studies described in those chapters gave their free and informed voluntary consent. Investigators adhered to U.S. Army regulation 70-25 and United States Army Medical Research and Development Command regulation 70-25 on use of volunteers in research. Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 11, Chapter 12, Chapter 13, Chapter 14, Chapter 15 through Chapter 16 are approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
| Contents |
Use of electrolytes in fluid replacement solutions: what have we learned from intestinal absorption studies? / Carl V. Gisolfi -- Formulation of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages / David R. Lamb -- Considerations for replacement beverages: fluid-electrolyte balance and heat illness / Lawrence E. Armstrong -- Carbohydrate supplements during and immediately post exercise / John L. Ivy -- Gastric emptying during exercise: influence of carbohydrate concentration, carbohydrate source and exercise intensity / Carl Foster -- Interaction of water bioavailability, thermoregulation and exercise performance / Michael N. Sawka, P. Darrell Neufer -- Timing of carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged strenuous exercise / Edward F. Coyle, Andrew R. Coggan -- Acute diarrheal diseases / Robert Whang -- Potassium deficiency as the result of training in hot weather / James P. Knochel -- Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans / Hiroshi Nose [and others] -- Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans / Hiroshi Nose [and others]. |
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Palatability and fluid intake / Barbara J. Rolls -- Solute model or cellular energy model? Practical and theoretical aspects of thirst during exercise / Roger W. Hubbard, Patricia C. Szlyk, Lawrence E. Armstrong -- Environmental issues that influence intake of replacement beverages / John E. Greenleaf -- Changes in plasma volume during heat exposure in young and older men / Suzanne M. Fortney, Elizabeth Miescher. |
| Local Note |
eBooks on EBSCOhost EBSCO eBook Subscription Academic Collection - North America |
| Subject |
Dehydration (Physiology)
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Dehydration (Physiology) |
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Water-electrolyte imbalances.
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Water-electrolyte imbalances. |
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Exercise -- Physiological aspects.
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Exercise -- Physiological aspects. |
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Fluid therapy.
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MEDICAL -- Infectious Diseases. |
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Fluid therapy. |
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HEALTH & FITNESS -- Diseases -- Contagious. |
| Genre/Form |
Electronic books.
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Technical reports.
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Technical reports.
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| Added Author |
Marriott, Bernadette M., editor.
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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Military Nutrition Research, issuing body.
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| Other Form: |
Print version: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Fluid replacement and heat stress. Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1994 (DLC) 93087411 (OCoLC)29888116 |
| ISBN |
9780309573450 |
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0309573459 |
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