Introduction: the question of ʻirfan in contemporary Iran -- ʻIrfan in the pre-Safavid period -- The Safavid opposition to sufism -- The sufi response -- The invention of ʻirfan -- The institutionalization of ʻirfan -- Modernization of ʻirfan -- Epilogue: ʻirfan as mysticism?
Summary
An original study of the transformation of Safavid Persia from a majority Sunni country to a Twelver Shi'i realm.
Local Note
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