Title Clark's definite shorthand : introduced by muscular movement, composed of four length vowel strokes and very small consonant circles, half circles and very slight ticks, is so simple that any child in the second grade, can learn and use it opposite the spelling preceeding the reading exercises as a self-pronouncer ; also by writing to parallel languages -- one the literal translaion of the other, any student can learn the other language thereby / Francis Chadwick Clark, author.