[1.] Nineteenth century: 1815-1870: Romanticism: the poetry of life -- Romanticism: religion and politics -- Nationalism -- Racism -- Challenge of liberty -- Liberalism on the continent of Europe -- Conservatism -- Idealism asserted and rejected -- Development of socialism -- Marxism -- Science of society -- [2.] From the nineteenth to the twentieth century: 1870-1918: Change in the public spirit of Europe -- Romanticism and idealism transmitted -- Christianity and society -- Freud and psychoanalysis -- Dissolving certainties -- [3.] Twentieth century: Theories of the elite -- Freedom and the intellectuals -- Existentialism -- Fascism -- National socialism and the depersonalization of man -- Marxism and the intellectuals -- Confused alternatives -- Culture and civilization: one historian's conclusions.
